tio/man/tio.1.txt
yabu76 e3b8724479 Add Lua API tio.inkey,input,set_keymap,receive and etc.
Add following functions to Lua API

tio.inkey()
tio.input()
tio.inputline()
tio.set_keymap()
tio.receive()
tio.subcmd_println()
tio.subcmd_warning_println()
tio.subcmd_error_println()
tio.subcmd_puts()
tio.subcmd_warning_puts()
tio.subcmd_error_puts()
2026-04-04 16:20:22 +09:00

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tio(1) User Commands tio(1)
NAME
tio - a serial device I/O tool
SYNOPSIS
tio [<options>] <tty-device|profile|tid>
DESCRIPTION
tio is a serial device tool which features a straightforward command-line and configuration file interface to easily connect to serial TTY devices for basic I/O operations.
OPTIONS
-b, --baudrate <bps>
Set baud rate [bps] (default: 115200).
-d, --databits 5|6|7|8
Set data bits (default: 8).
-f, --flow hard|soft|none
Set flow control (default: none).
-s, --stopbits 1|2
Set stop bits (default: 1).
-p, --parity odd|even|none|mark|space
Set parity (default: none).
Note: With mark parity the parity bit is always 0. With space parity the parity bit is always 1. Not all platforms support mark and space parity.
-o, --output-delay <ms>
Set output delay [ms] inserted between each sent character (default: 0).
-O, --output-line-delay <ms>
Set output delay [ms] inserted between each sent line (default: 0).
--output-line-delay-char cr|lf
Set trigger character of output line delay (default: lf).
--line-pulse-duration <duration>
Set the pulse duration [ms] of each serial port line using the following key value pair format in the duration field: <key>=<value>
Each key represents a serial line. The following keys are available:
DTR Data Terminal Ready
RTS Request To Send
CTS Clear To Send
DSR Data Set Ready
DCD Data Carrier Detect
RI Ring Indicator
If defining more than one key value pair, the pairs must be comma separated.
The default pulse duration for each line is 100 ms.
-a, --auto-connect new|latest|direct
Automatically connect to serial device according to one of the following strategies:
new Automatically connect to first new appearing serial device.
latest Automatically connect to latest registered serial device.
direct Connect directly to specified TTY device.
All the listed strategies automatically reconnects according to strategy if device is not available or connection is lost.
Default value is "direct".
--exclude-devices <pattern>
Exclude devices by pattern ('*' and '?' supported).
--exclude-drivers <pattern>
Exclude drivers by pattern ('*' and '?' supported).
--exclude-tids <pattern>
Exclude topology IDs by pattern ('*' and '?' supported).
-n, --no-reconnect
Do not reconnect.
This means that tio will exit if it fails to connect to device or an established connection is lost.
-N, --no-tty-restore
Do not restore initial TTY device settings.
This means that tio will exit without trying to restore TTY device settings that existed when tio was started.
-e, --local-echo
Enable local echo.
-t, --timestamp
Enable line timestamp.
--timestamp-format <format>
Set timestamp format to any of the following timestamp formats:
24hour 24-hour format ("hh:mm:ss.sss")
24hour-start 24-hour format relative to start time
24hour-delta 24-hour format relative to previous timestamp
iso8601 ISO8601 format ("YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.sss")
epoch Seconds since Unix epoch (1970-01-01)
epoch-usec Seconds since Unix epoch (1970-01-01) with subdivision in microseconds
Default format is 24hour
--timestamp-timeout <ms>
Set timestamp timeout value in milliseconds.
This value only takes effect in hex output mode where timestamps are only printed after elapsed timeout time of no output activity from tty device.
Default value is 200.
-l, --list
List available targets (serial devices, TIDs, configuration profiles).
-L, --log
Enable log to file.
The log file will be automatically named using the following format tio_TARGET_YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.log. Target being the command line target such as tty-device, tid, or configuration profile.
The filename can be manually set using the --log-file option.
--log-file <filename>
Set log filename.
--log-directory <path>
Set log directory path in which to save automatically named log files.
--log-append
Append to log file.
--log-strip
Strip control characters and escape sequences from log.
-m, --map <flags>
Map (replace, translate) characters on input from the serial device or output to the serial device. The following mapping flags are supported:
ICRNL Map CR to NL on input (unless IGNCR is set)
IGNCR Ignore CR on input
IFFESCC Map FF to ESC-c on input
INLCR Map NL to CR on input
INLCRNL Map NL to CR-NL on input
ICRCRNL Map CR to CR-NL on input
IMSB2LSB Map MSB bit order to LSB on input
OCRNL Map CR to NL on output
ODELBS Map DEL to BS on output
ONLCRNL Map NL to CR-NL on output
OLTU Map lowercase characters to uppercase on output
ONULBRK Map nul (zero) to send break signal on output
OIGNCR Ignore CR on output
If defining more than one flag, the flags must be comma separated.
--keymap <keymaps>
Specify the mappings as @<key-1>=<script-description-1> @<key-2>=<script-description-2>... @<key-N>=<script-description-N>.
Script-description is script-filename or '!'script-commands.
--input-mode normal|hex|line
Set input mode.
In normal mode input characters are sent immediately as they are typed.
In hex input mode bytes can be sent by typing the two-character hexadecimal representation of the 1 byte value, e.g.: to send 0xA you must type 0a or 0A.
In line input mode input characters are sent when you press enter. You can use the cursor keys and backspace key to edit the line and recall command history. The history is maintained while tio is running.
Default value is "normal".
--output-mode normal|hex|hexN
Set output mode.
In hex mode each incoming byte is printed out as a 1 byte hex value.
In hexN mode, N is a number less than or equal to 4096 which defines how many hex values will be printed before a line break.
Default value is "normal".
-c, --color 0..255|bold|none|list
Colorize tio text using ANSI color code value ranging from 0 to 255 or use "none" for no color or use "bold" to apply bold formatting to existing system color.
Use "list" to print a list of available ANSI color codes.
Default value is "bold".
-S, --socket <socket>
Redirect I/O to socket.
Any input from clients connected to the socket is sent on the serial port as if entered at the terminal where tio is running (except that ctrl-t sequences are not recognized), and any input from the serial port is multi
plexed to the terminal and all connected clients.
Sockets remain open while the serial port is disconnected, and writes will block.
Various socket types are supported using the following prefixes in the socket field:
unix:<filename> Unix Domain Socket (file)
inet:<port> Internet Socket (network)
inet6:<port> Internet IPv6 Socket (network)
If port is 0 or no port is provided default port 3333 is used.
At present there is a hardcoded limit of 16 clients connected at one time.
--raw off|on|on-nodelay
Set raw mode for non-interactive use.
Non-interactive use is Piped-input / Shell command execution / XYMODEM transfering.
The raw option can be set to one of the following:
off flow control, character mapping and output delay are enabled
on software flow control and character mapping are disabled; output delay remains enabled
on-nodelay software flow control, character mapping and output delay is disabled
Default value is "on".
--raw-interactive off|on|on-nodelay
Set raw mode for interactive use.
Interactive use is normal terminal input/output and socket redirection.
This is useful when transferring files through socket redirection.
Default value is "off".
--rs-485
Enable RS-485 mode.
--rs-485-config <config>
Set the RS-485 configuration using the following key or key value pair format in the configuration field:
RTS_ON_SEND=value Set logical level (0 or 1) for RTS pin when sending
RTS_AFTER_SEND=value Set logical level (0 or 1) for RTS pin after sending
RTS_DELAY_BEFORE_SEND=value Set RTS delay (ms) before sending
RTS_DELAY_AFTER_SEND=value Set RTS delay (ms) after sending
RX_DURING_TX Receive data even while sending data
If defining more than one key or key value pair, they must be comma separated.
--alert none|bell|blink
Set alert action on connect/disconnect.
It will sound the bell once or blink once on successful connect. Likewise it will sound the bell twice or blink twice on disconnect.
Default value is "none".
--mute
Mute tio messages.
--script-init-file <filename>
Run script from file with filename on tio's startup.
Execution occurs before connecting to the device, and loaded functions and variables are preserved.
The default is <<not-specified>>, which only loads built-in functions and variables.
--script <string>
Run script from string on connect.
--script-file <filename>
Run script from file with filename on connect.
--script-run once|always|never
Run script on connect once, always, or never.
Default value is "always".
--exec <command>
Execute shell command with I/O redirected to device
The standard output and standard error of a shell command are redirected to the device through tio's output filters (with output mapping and output delay enabled), and input from the device is redirected to
the standard input of the shell command.
If you specify '?' as a shell commands prefix, standard error output will not be redirected. This allows you to use some communication commands such as sz/rz.
--complete-profiles
Prints profiles (for shell completion)
-v, --version
Display program version.
-h, --help
Display help.
KEY COMMANDS
In session, all key strokes are forwarded to the serial device except the following key sequence: a prefix key (default: ctrl-t) followed by a command key. These sequences are intercepted as key commands:
ctrl-t ? List available key commands
ctrl-t b Send serial break (triggers SysRq on Linux, etc.)
ctrl-t c Show configuration (baudrate, databits, etc.)
ctrl-t e Toggle local echo mode
ctrl-t f Toggle log to file
ctrl-t F Flush data I/O buffers (discard data written but not transmitted and data received but not read)
ctrl-t g Toggle serial port line
ctrl-t i Toggle input mode
ctrl-t j Toggle raw mode for non-interactive use
ctrl-t J Toggle raw mode for interactive use
ctrl-t l Clear screen
ctrl-t L Show line states (DTR, RTS, CTS, DSR, DCD, RI)
ctrl-t m Change mapping of characters on input or output
ctrl-t o Toggle output mode
ctrl-t p Pulse serial port line
ctrl-t q Quit
ctrl-t r Run script
ctrl-t R Execute shell command with I/O redirected to device
ctrl-t s Show TX/RX statistics
ctrl-t t Toggle line timestamp mode
ctrl-t v Show version
ctrl-t x Send file using the XMODEM-1K, XMODEM-CRC or XMODEM-SUM protocol (prompts for file name and protocol)
ctrl-t y Send file using the YMODEM protocol (prompts for file name)
ctrl-t ctrl-t Send ctrl-t character
SCRIPT API
Tio supports Lua scripting to easily automate interaction with the tty device.
In addition to the standard Lua API tio makes the following functions available:
tio.expect(pattern, timeout)
Waits for the Lua pattern to match or timeout before continuing. Special characters must be escaped with '\\' or '%'.
Timeout is in milliseconds, defaults to tio.C.WAIT_FOREVER(==0) meaning it will wait forever.
On success, returns the captures from the pattern and all received data.
On timeout, returns nil and all received data.
tio.expects(pattern-table, timeout)
Waits for any of the multiple Lua patterns to match or timeout before continuing. Special characters must be escaped with '\\' or '%'.
Timeout is in milliseconds, defaults to tio.C.WAIT_FOREVER(==0) meaning it will wait forever.
On success, returns the index of the matched pattern, the captures from it and all received data.
On timeout, returns nil, nil and all received data.
tio.read(size, timeout)
Read up to size bytes from serial device. If timeout is tio.C.WAIT_FOREVER(==0) or not provided it will wait forever until data is ready to read.
If the timeout is tio.C.NOWAIT (==-1), the function immediately reads as much data as possible from the serial device's RX buffer, up to a maximum of <size> bytes, and returns.
On success, returns read data as string. Also emits a single timestamp to stdout and log file per options.timestamp and options.log.
On timeout, returns nil and received data.
tio.readline(timeout)
Read line from serial device. If timeout is tio.C.WAIT_FOREVER(==0) or not provided it will wait forever until data is ready to read.
The line separater is LF (0x0a).
On success, returns received line as string. Also emits a single timestamp to stdout and log file per options.timestamp and options.log.
On timeout, returns nil and received data.
tio.write(string)
Write string to serial device without input-editing, output-mapping nor output-delay.
Returns the tio table on success or nil on error.
tio.twrite(string)
Write string to serial device with input-editing, output-mapping and output-delay.
Returns the tio table on success or nil on error.
tio.send(file, protocol)
Send file using x/y-modem protocol.
Protocol can be any of XMODEM_1K, XMODEM_CRC, XMODEM_SUM, YMODEM.
It can alternatively be one of tio.C.XM_1K, tio.C.XM_CRC, tio.C.XM_SUM, tio.C.YM_NORMAL.
tio.receive(file, protocol)
Receive a file using the XMODEM protocol.
Protocol can be any of XMODEM_CRC or XMODEM_SUM.
It can alternatively be one of tio.C.XM_CRC or tio.C.XM_SUM.
Returns the tio table on success or nil on error.
tio.ttysearch()
Search for serial devices.
Returns a table of number indexed tables, one for each serial device found. Each of these tables contains the serial device information accessible via the following string indexed elements "path", "tid", "uptime", "dri
ver", "description".
Returns nil if no serial devices are found.
tio.set{line=state, ...}
Set state of one or multiple tty modem lines.
Line can be any of DTR, RTS, CTS, DSR, CD, RI
State is high (==tio.C.LN_HIGH), low (==tio.C.LN_LOW), or toggle (==tio.C.LN_TOGGLE).
tio.sleep(seconds)
Sleep for seconds.
tio.msleep(ms)
Sleep for milliseconds.
tio.send_break()
Send break signal.
It is equivalent to the key command ctrl-t b.
tio.line_get()
Get state of multiple tty modem lines.
It is equivalent to the key command ctrl-t L.
Return 6 values DTR, RTS, CTS, DSR, CD, RI.
Each return value is high (==tio.C.LN_HIGH) or low (==tio.C.LN_LOW).
tio.set_local_echo(on_off)
Change the local echo setting.
It is equivalent to the key command ctrl-t e.
The argument on_off is a boolean value. true means on and false means off. If omitted, it is set to true.
tio.set_log(on_off)
Change the log-file setting.
It is equivalent to the key command ctrl-t f.
The argument on_off is a boolean value. true means on and false means off. If omitted, it is set to true.
tio.flush_data_io_buffer()
Flush read/write data in I/O buffers.
It is equivalent to the key command ctrl-t F.
tio.set_input_mode(input_mode)
Change the input mode.
It is equivalent to the key command ctrl-t i.
The argument input_mode is one of tio.C.IM_NORMAL, tio.C.IM_HEX, tio.C.IM_LINE.
tio.set_output_mode(output_mode)
Change the output mode.
It is equivalent to the key command ctrl-t o.
The argument output_mode is one of tio.C.OM_NORMAL, tio.C.OM_HEX.
tio.set_raw_mode(raw_mode)
Change the raw mode for non-interactive use.
It is equivalent to the key command ctrl-t j.
The argument raw_mode is one of tio.C.RAW_OFF, tio.C.RAW_ON, tio.C.RAW_ON_NODELAY.
tio.set_raw_mode_interactive(raw_mode)
Change the raw mode for interactive use.
It is equivalent to the key command ctrl-t J.
The argument raw_mode is one of tio.C.RAW_OFF, tio.C.RAW_ON, tio.C.RAW_ON_NODELAY.
tio.set_timestamp_mode(timestamp_mode)
Change the timestamp mode.
It is equivalent to the key command ctrl-t t.
The argument timestamp_mode is one of tio.C.TS_OFF, tio.C.TS_24HOUR, tio.C.TS_24HOUR_START, tio.C.TS_24HOUR_DELTA, tio.C.TS_ISO861, tio.C.TS_EPOCH, tio.C.TS_EPOCH_USEC.
tio.exec_shell_command(shell_commands)
Execute /bin/sh -c <<shell_commands>>.
Normally, standard output / standard error is forwarded to tio's output filter which do output mapping and output delay.
If the shell commands starts with '?', '?' is removed and standard error is not forwarded.
It is equivalent to the key command ctrl-t R.
The argument shell_commands is string.
tio.get_state()
Return the main state of tio as a integer.
Return value is one of tio.C.SA_INTERACTIVE, tio.C.SA_STARTING, tio.C.SA_PIPED_INPUT, tio.C.SA_PIPED_INPUT, tio.C.SA_EXEC_SHELL_COMMAND, tio.C.SA_XYMODEM.
tio.get_version()
Return the version of tio as a string.
It is equivalent to the key command ctrl-t v.
tio.inkey(timeout)
Read a key press and return it as a string.
Timeout is in milliseconds. If timeout is tio.C.WAIT_FOREVER(==0),
the function blocks until a key is pressed. If timeout is
tio.C.NOWAIT (==-1) or not provided, the function returns
immediately.
Returns the key as a string on success, or nil on timeout.
tio.input(prompt)
Display a prompt and read user input until Enter is pressed.
Basic line editing is supported (Backspace key).
If prompt is not provided, no prompt is displayed.
Returns the entered string.
tio.inputline(prompt)
Display a prompt and read a line of input until Enter is pressed.
Supports line editing (cursor keys, Backspace) and command
history.
Returns the entered string.
tio.set_keymap(keymaps)
Add, update, or remove key mappings.
The <keymaps> argument uses the same syntax as the --keymap option:
@<key-1>=<script-description-1>
@<key-2>=<script-description-2>
...
@<key-N>=<script-description-N>
Each <script-description> must be either a script filename or an inline script prefixed with '!'.
When a mapping is defined, pressing Ctrl-T followed by <key-n> executes the corresponding script.
If a key already has a mapping, it will be updated. If <script-description> is empty, the mapping is removed.
User-defined key mappings take precedence over default key bindings, except for "Ctrl-T q", which is always reserved.
This function can be used to dynamically modify key mappings at runtime after tio has started.
tio.subcmd_println(fmt, ...)
Print a formatted line using sub-command style output.
The output format is:
[<timestamp>] <formatted message>
tio.subcmd_warning_println(fmt, ...)
Print a formatted warning line using sub-command style output.
tio.subcmd_error_println(fmt, ...)
Print a formatted error line using sub-command style output.
tio.subcmd_puts(string)
Print a string using sub-command style output.
The output format is:
[<timestamp>] <string>
tio.subcmd_warning_puts(string)
Print a warning string using sub-command style output.
tio.subcmd_error_puts(string)
Print an error string using sub-command style output.
tio.alwaysecho
A boolean value, defaults to true.
If tio.alwaysecho is false, the result of tio.read, tio.readline or tio.expect will only be returned from the function and not logged or printed.
If tio.alwaysecho is set to true, reading functions also emit a single timestamp to stdout and log file per options.timestamp and options.log.
os.exit(code)
Exit tio process with exit code (like ctrl-t q).
CONFIGURATION FILE
Options can be set via configuration file using the INI format. tio uses the configuration file first found in the following locations in the order listed:
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/tio/config
$HOME/.config/tio/config
$HOME/.tioconfig
Labels can be used to group settings into named configuration profiles which can be activated from the command-line when starting tio.
tio will try to match the user input to a configuration profile by name or by pattern to get the TTY device and other options.
Options without any label change the default options.
Any options set via command-line will override options set in the configuration file.
The following configuration file options are available:
pattern Pattern matching user input. This pattern can be an extended regular expression with a single group.
device TTY device to open. If it contains a "%s" it is substituted with the first group match.
baudrate Set baud rate
databits Set data bits
flow Set flow control
stopbits Set stop bits
parity Set parity
output-delay Set output character delay
output-line-delay Set output line delay
output-line-delay-char Set trigger character of output line delay
line-pulse-duration Set line pulse duration
no-reconnect Do not reconnect
log Enable log to file
log-file Set log filename
log-directory Set log directory path in which to save automatically named log files.
log-append Append to log file
log-strip Enable strip of control and escape sequences from log
local-echo Enable local echo
timestamp Enable line timestamp
timestamp-format Set timestamp format
timestamp-timeout Set timestamp timeout
map Map characters on input or output
keymap Set key-script mappings
color Colorize tio text using ANSI color code ranging from 0 to 255
input-mode Set input mode
output-mode Set output mode
socket Set socket to redirect I/O to
prefix-ctrl-key Set prefix ctrl key (a..z or 'none', default: t)
rs-485 Enable RS-485 mode
rs-485-config Set RS-485 configuration
alert Set alert action on connect/disconnect
mute Mute tio messages
script-init-file Run script from file on tio's startup
script Run script from string on connect
script-file Run script from file on connect
script-run Set condition to run script on connect
exec Execute shell command with I/O redirected to device
It is possible to include the content of other configuration files using the include directive like so: "[include <file>]".
CONFIGURATION FILE EXAMPLES
To change the default configuration simply set options like so:
[default]
baudrate = 9600
databits = 8
parity = none
stopbits = 1
color = 10
line-pulse-duration = DTR=200,RTS=400
Named configuration profiles can be added via labels:
[rpi3]
device = /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_TTL232R-3V3_FTGQVXBL-if00-port0
baudrate = 115200
color = 11
Activate the configuration profile by name:
$ tio rpi3
Which is equivalent to:
$ tio -b 115200 -c 11 /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_TTL232R-3V3_FTGQVXBL-if00-port0
A configuration profile can also be activated by its pattern which supports regular expressions:
[usb-devices]
pattern = ^usb([0-9]*)
device = /dev/ttyUSB%m1
baudrate = 115200
Activate the configuration profile by pattern match:
$ tio usb12
Which becomes equivalent to:
$ tio -b 115200 /dev/ttyUSB12
It is also possible to combine use of configuration profile and command-line options. For example:
$ tio -l -t usb12
EXAMPLES
Typical use is without options:
$ tio /dev/ttyUSB0
Which corresponds to the commonly used default options:
$ tio -b 115200 -d 8 -f none -s 1 -p none /dev/ttyUSB0
It is recommended to connect serial TTY devices by ID:
$ tio /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_TTL232R-3V3_FTGQVXBL-if00-port0
Using serial devices by ID ensures that tio automatically reconnects to the correct serial device if it is disconnected and then reconnected.
Redirect serial device I/O to Unix file socket for scripting:
$ tio -S unix:/tmp/tio-socket0 /dev/ttyUSB0
Then, to issue a command via the file socket simply do:
$ echo "ls -la" | nc -UN /tmp/tio-socket0 > /dev/null
Or use the expect command to script an interaction:
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout -1
log_user 0
spawn nc -UN /tmp/tio-socket0
set uart $spawn_id
send -i $uart "date\n"
expect -i $uart "prompt> "
send -i $uart "ls -la\n"
expect -i $uart "prompt> "
It is also possible to use tio's own simpler expect/send script functionality to e.g. automate logins:
$ tio --script 'tio.expect("login: "); tio.write("root\n"); tio.expect("Password: "); tio.write("root\n")' /dev/ttyUSB0
Redirect device I/O to network file socket for remote TTY sharing:
$ tio --socket inet:4444 /dev/ttyUSB0
Then, use netcat to connect to the shared TTY session over network (assuming tio is hosted on IP 10.0.0.42):
$ nc -N 10.0.0.42 4444
Pipe command to the serial device:
$ echo "ls -la" | tio /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_TTL232R-3V3_FTGQVXBL-if00-port0
Pipe command to serial device and wait for line response within 1 second:
$ echo "*IDN?" | tio /dev/ttyACM0 --script "expect('\r\n', 1000)" --mute
Likewise, to pipe data from file to the serial device:
$ cat data.bin | tio /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_TTL232R-3V3_FTGQVXBL-if00-port0
Map NL to CR-NL on input from device and DEL to BS on output to device:
$ tio --map INLCRNL,ODELBS /dev/ttyUSB0
Enable RS-485 mode:
$ tio --rs-485 --rs-485-config=RTS_ON_SEND=1,RX_DURING_TX /dev/ttyUSB0
Manipulate DTR and RTS lines upon first connect to reset connected microcontroller:
$ tio --script "tio.set{DTR=high,RTS=low}; tio.msleep(100); tio.set{RTS=toggle}" --script-run once /dev/ttyUSB0
Manipulate DTR and RTS lines by pressing ctrl-t 1:
$ tio --keymap '@1=!tio.set{DTR=high,RTS=low}; tio.msleep(100); tio.set{RTS=toggle}' /dev/ttyUSB0
Send file to device by sz command:
$ tio --exec '?sz -b file' /dev/ttyUSB0
Receive file from device by rz command:
$ tio --exec '?rz -b' /dev/ttyUSB0
Send file to device by gkermit command:
$ tio --exec '?gkermit -XSs file' /dev/ttyUSB0
Receive file from device by gkermit command:
$ tio --exec '?gkermit -XSr' /dev/ttyUSB0
WEBSITE
Visit https://tio.github.io
AUTHOR
Maintained by Martin Lund <martin.lund@keep-it-simple.com>.
tio 3.9 2025-04-13 tio(1)